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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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mexico.3
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Government
Long-form name: United Mexican States.
Type: federal republic operating under a centralized government.
Capital: Mexico.
Administrative divisions: 31 states (estados, singular--estado)
and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes,
Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas,
Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango,
Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan,
Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro,
Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco,
Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas.
Independence: 16 September 1810 (from Spain).
Constitution: 5 February 1917.
Legal system: mixture of US constitutional theory and civil
law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations.
National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September (1810).
Executive branch: president, Cabinet.
Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congreso
de la Union) consists of an upper chamber or Senate (Camara
de Senadores) and a lower chamber or Chamber of Deputies
(Camara de Diputados).
Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Suprema Corte
de Justicia).
Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President
Carlos SALINAS de Gortari (since 1 December 1988).
Political parties and leaders: (recognized parties) Institutional
Revolutionary Party (PRI), Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta;
National Action Party (PAN), Luis Alvarez; Popular Socialist
Party (PPS), Indalecio Sayago Herrera; Democratic Revolutionary
Party (PRD), Cuauhtemoc Cardenas; Cardenist Front for the
National Reconstruction Party (PFCRN), Rafael Aguilar Talamantes;
Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution (PARM), Carlos
Enrique Cantu Rosas.
Suffrage: universal and compulsory (but not enforced) at age 18.
Elections:
President--last held on 6 July 1988 (next to be held September
1994); results--Carlos Salinas de Gortari (PRI) 50.74%,
Cuauhtemoc Cardemas Solorzano (FDN) 31.06%, Manuel Clouthier
(PAN) 16.81%; others 1.39%; note--several of the smaller parties
ran a common candidate under a coalition called the National
Democratic Front (FDN);
Senate--last held on 6 July 1988 (next to be held September
1991); results--PRI 94%, FDN (now PRD) 6%; seats--(64 total)
number of seats by party NA;
Chamber of Deputies--last held on 6 July 1988 (next to
be held September 1991); results--PRI 53%, PAN 20%, PFCRN
10%, PPS 6%, PARM 7%, PMS (now part of PRD) 4%; seats--(500
total) number of seats by party NA.
Other political or pressure groups: Roman Catholic Church,
Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), Confederation of
Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN), Confederation of National
Chambers of Commerce (CONCANACO), National Peasant Confederation
(CNC), National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP),
Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT), Mexican Democratic Party
(PDM), Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants
(CROC), Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers (CROM),
Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX),
National Chamber of Transformation Industries (CANACINTRA),
Business Coordination Council (CCE).
Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, Group of Eight, IADB, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development
Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL,
IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC--International Whaling Commission, LAIA,
OAS, PAHO, SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Gustavo PETRICIOLI
Iturbide; Chancery at 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington
DC 20006; telephone (202) 728-1600; there are Mexican Consulates
General in Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso, Houston, Los
Angeles, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Antonio,
San Diego, and Consulates in Albuquerque, Atlanta, Austin,
Boston, Brownsville (Texas), Calexico (California), Corpus
Christi, Del Rio (Texas), Detroit, Douglas (Arizona), Eagle
Pass (Texas), Fresno (California), Kansas City (Missouri),
Laredo, McAllen (Texas), Miami, Nogales (Arizona), Oxnard
(California), Philadelphia, Phoenix, Presidio (Texas), Sacramento,
St. Louis, St. Paul (Minneapolis), Salt Lake City, San Bernardino,
San Jose, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and Seattle; US--Ambassador
John D. NEGROPONTE, Jr.; Embassy at Paseo de la Reforma
305, Mexico 5, D.F. (mailing address is P.O. Box 3087,
Laredo, TX 78044); telephone [52] (5) 211-0042; there are
US Consulates General in Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Monterrey,
and Tijuana, and Consulates in Hermosillo, Matamoros, Mazatlan,
Merida, and Nuevo Laredo.
Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side),
white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus
with a snake is its beak) is centered in the white band.